![]() In a single stage fission weapon, neutrons are squeezed into the nuclei of heavy elements like uranium or plutonium using conventional explosives. Nuclear weapons can be classified as single stage fission devices or two stage fission-fusion devices. Ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays, free neutrons, and radioactive isotopes essentially poison everything alive within days (through acute radiation syndrome) or years (mainly through cancers). The overpressure blast wave levels buildings and trees, tosses people around like rag dolls, and ruptures eardrums. The winds generated are supersonic, traveling at thousands of kilometers per second. Temperatures at the center of a nuclear blast are comparable to those on the surface of the Sun. The two nuclear weapons used in Japan near the end of World War II each killed tens of thousands of people nearly instantly and hundreds of thousands within days. When used as an instrument of warfare, a nuclear bomb realizes itself as a true weapon of mass destruction (a word that is sometimes misappropriated in political speech). Since this number is a bit low for your typical nuclear weapon, kilotons (kt) and megatons (Mt) of TNT are more common. Because it is a unit and not a quantity, it is written using an upright or roman typeface, not an oblique or italic one. (Recall that the prefix giga means one billion or 10 9.) The symbol for this unit is a lowercase t. By convention, one ton of TNT is the energy equivalent to 4.184 gigajoules. It is also used to describe the energy released by accidental explosions and naturally occurring destructive phenomena like asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. The ton of TNT is an energy unit that was invented to describe the destructive potential or yield of bombs. A single nuclear weapon can release the energy equivalent to several thousand or even millions of metric tons of TNT. The conventional explosive TNT, which is used for demolition and mining, is sold in stick shaped single charges with a mass of about a hundred grams. They are the most energetic weapons ever devised. Since power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed, nuclear weapons are probably the most powerful devices ever built by humans. A device designed to release this energy (when triggered) in an extremely rapid, out of control, runaway manner that destroys itself and everything around it for thousands of meters is called a nuclear bomb. A device designed to release this energy gradually in a controllable manner for the production of heat, electricity, or medical isotopes is called a nuclear reactor. ![]() The rearrangement of nuclei during a nuclear reaction will cause energy to be absorbed or released. The amount of this energy present in any one particular nucleus depends on the number of protons and neutrons and their arrangement - a value that is unique for each isotope of each element. ![]() The source of nuclear potential energy (also called binding energy or mass defect) is the strong nuclear force (also called the strong force or strong interaction) between protons and neutrons. military personnel launched a case against the government in 1984, alleging that the American government had downplayed the radiation danger.Nuclear weapons are powerful explosive devices that rapidly convert large amounts of nuclear potential energy to kinetic energy. government paid compensation to island residents retired U.S. The Castle Bravo test, and the harm done to the residents, triggered global protests against the testing of nuclear bombs. Some residents had to be evacuated, and the people of the Marshall Islands suffered an elevated rate of cancer. military personnel and the crew of a Japanese fishing trawler exposed to a high level of radiation, according to an article published in 2017 by the Atomic Heritage Foundation. The yield was about two and half times greater than expected and resulted in nuclear fallout spreading for about 7,000 square miles (18,130 square kilometers) across the Pacific, leaving residents of the Marshall Islands, U.S. On Mathe United States detonated a 15 megaton nuclear weapon on the Bikini Atoll, in the Marshall Islands, in a test codenamed "Castle Bravo." It was detonated on the surface rather than being dropped by air and is the fifth most powerful nuclear weapon detonation in history. ![]() The Castle Bravo nuclear detonation is the fifth most powerful nuclear weapon detonation in history.
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